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Recent advancements in nanotechnology have resulted in improved medicine delivery to the target site. Nanosponges are three-dimensional drug delivery systems that are nanoscale in size and created by cross-linking polymers. The introduction of Nanosponges has been a significant step toward overcoming issues such as drug toxicity, low bioavailability, and predictable medication release. Using a new way of nanotechnology, nanosponges, which are porous with small sponges (below one microm) flowing throughout the body, have demonstrated excellent results in delivering drugs. As a result, they reach the target place, attach to the skin's surface, and slowly release the medicine. Nanosponges can be used to encapsulate a wide range of medicines, including both hydrophilic and lipophilic pharmaceuticals. The medication delivery method using nanosponges is one of the most promising fields in pharmacy. It can be used as a biocatalyst carrier for vaccines, antibodies, enzymes, and proteins to be released. The existing study enlightens on the preparation method, evaluation, and prospective application in a medication delivery system and also focuses on patents filed in the field of nanosponges.Copyright © 2023 The Authors.
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Since the end of 2021, Omicron, the new variant of SARS-CoV-2, has continued to spread as the predominant strain of COVID-19. Compared to previous variants, Omicron causes milder symptoms, which are similar to symptoms of other common respiratory infections, such as flu. In this work, we develop a silicon photonic chip-based biosensor for COVID-19 and flu detection using subwavelength grating micro-ring resonator. The biosensor realizes the detection of two pathogens with high sensitivity (1.31 fg/mL) and specificity. Besides, the microfluidic channel offers a promising solution for point-of-care detection. © 2023 SPIE.
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In recent years, spread of infection due to virus became whirlwind and creates threat to life in multiple ways. Hence there is in need to sense virus as early as possible in easier way. In this work we propose a multi virus sensor which senses IBV, H5N1, H9N2, and H4N6.Very low refractive index is sensed in this work with increased birefringence due to its elliptical core, where the samples are infiltrated. Numerical analysis is done using Finite Element Method. Among these 4 viruses, IBV has higher sensitivity, birefringence and lower confinement loss which belong to COVID family.88.56% of sensitivity is obtained at 1550nm with low confinement loss. © 2022 IEEE.
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Background: The phase III EMERALD trial (NCT03778931) reported significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) and a manageable safety profile with elacestrant vs SoC endocrine therapy (ET) in patients (N=478) with ER+/HER2- advanced or mBC following progression on prior CDK4/6i plus ET. PROs measuring quality of life (QoL) are reported here. Method(s): EMERALD patients (pts) completed 3 PRO tools at prespecified time points: the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30), the PRO version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE), and the EuroQoL 5 Dimension 5 Level (EQ-5D-5L). Result(s): The ratio of PROs tools completed vs. PROs tools expected was 80-90% through cycle 4 and approximately 70% at cycle 6;likely due to clinical study period overlapping with COVID-19 period. Overall, the EORTC QLQ-C30 scores were similar for elacestrant and SoC, with no differences across all time points for both functional and symptom scales. However, PRO-CTCAE results showed that fewer pts who received elacestrant reported very severe nausea (4.0% vs 14.3% by cycle 6) or very severe vomiting (9.1% vs 50% by cycle 6) compared with SoC. There were no clinically meaningful differences across all time points in adverse events typically observed with pts with cancer on ET, such as fatigue, nausea, vomiting, joint and muscle pain and hot flashes. EQ-5D-5L scores were generally comparable throughout treatment for both study arms, with elacestrant showing numerically better outcomes vs SoC for mobility, self-care and usual activities. Similar trends were observed for the full intent-to-treat population and in pts with detectable estrogen receptor 1 mutations (ESR1m). Conclusion(s): This analysis confirmed that QoL was maintained between treatment groups in the EMERALD trial. Together with the previously described statistically significant prolonged PFS and manageable safety profile, these PRO results provide additional evidence that oral elacestrant is clinically meaningful in this patient population with limited therapeutic options. Clinical trial identification: NCT03778931. Editorial acknowledgement: Jeffrey Walter, IQVIA. Legal entity responsible for the study: Stemline Therapeutics/Menarini Group. Funding(s): Stemline Therapeutics/Menarini Group. Disclosure: J. Cortes: Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Roche, Celgene, Cellestia, AstraZeneca, Seattle Genetics, Daiichi Sankyo, Erytech, Athenex, Polyphor, Lilly, MERCK SHARP& DOHME, GSK, LEUKO, Bioasis, Clovis oncology, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ellipses, Hibercell, BioInvent, Gemoab, Gilead, Menarini, Zymeworks, Reveal Genomics;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Roche, Novartis, Celgene, Eisai, Pfizer, Samsung Bioepis, Lilly, MERCK SHARP& DOHME, Daiichi Sankyo;Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Consulting/advisor: Expres2ion Biotechnologies;Financial Interests, Personal, Stocks/Shares: MedSIR, Nektar Therapeutics;Financial Interests, Institutional, Research Grant: Roche, Ariad Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Baxalta GMBH/Servier Affaires, Bayer healthcare, Eisai, Guardant Health, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Pfizer, Piqur Therapeutics, Puma B, Queen Mary University of London;Other, Travel cost and expenses: Roche, Novartis, Eisai, Daiichi Sankyo, Pfizer, Gilead, AstraZeneca. F.C. Bidard: Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Role: Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Lilly, Novartis, Radius Health, Menarini;Financial Interests, Institutional, Advisory Role: Menarini;Financial Interests, Personal, Speaker's Bureau: Pfizer, Novartis, AstraZeneca, Roche, Lilly, Rain Therapeutics;Financial Interests, Institutional, Research Grant: Novartis, Pfizer, Menarini Silicon Biosystems, Prolynx;Financial Interests, Institutional, Other, patents: ESR1 & MSI detection techniques;Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Travel, Accommodations, Expenses: Roche, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Novartis. A. Bardia: Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Pfizer, Novartis, Genentech, Merck, Sanofi, Eisa , Lilly, Mersana, AstraZeneca/Daiichi, Menarini, Gilead;Financial Interests, Personal, Royalties: UpToDate;Financial Interests, Institutional, Invited Speaker: Genentech, Novartis, Pfizer, Merck, Sanofi, Radius Health, Immunomedics/Gilead, Daiichi Pharma/AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly.;Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator: Gilead, Mersana, AstraZeneca/Daiichi, Novartis, Pfizer, Genentech, Lilly, Merck, Sanofi. V.G. Kaklamani: Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Honoraria: Genentech, Novartis, Pfizer, Genomic Health, Puma Biotechnology, AstraZeneca, Seattle Genetics, Daichi, Gilead Sciences;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Role: Amgen, Eisai, Puma Biotechnology, Celldex, AstraZeneca, Athenex, bioTheranostics;Financial Interests, Personal, Speaker's Bureau: Genentech, Novartis, Genomic Health, Puma Biotechnology, Pfizer, AstraZeneca/Daiichi Sankyo;Financial Interests, Personal, Research Grant: Eisai. I. Vlachaki: Financial Interests, Personal, Full or part-time Employment: Menarini Hellas A.E. G. Tonini: Financial Interests, Personal, Full or part-time Employment: Menarini Ricerche S.p.A. N. Habboubi: Financial Interests, Personal, Full or part-time Employment: Stemline Therapeutics;Financial Interests, Personal, Leadership Role: Stemline Therapeutics. P.G. Aftimos: Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Boehringer Ingelheim, Macrogenics, Roche, Novartis, Amcure, Servier, G1 Therapeutics, Radius, Deloitte, Menarini, Gilead, Novartis, Eisai, Lilly;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Synthon, Amgen;Financial Interests, Institutional, Research Grant: Roche.Copyright © 2023
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The authors stress that both economic and military investments will be required to counter China's integration of statecraft and industry.1 It is further suggested that a selective procurement of allies within the Asian-Pacific region is necessary to counter Chinese economic dominance, military aggression, and coercive practices.2 An Open World suggests that the United States should look to build on existing relationships within trade and security cooperatives in the Indo-Pacific region and bolster the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue, known as the Quad, to become a formal alliance that projects a robust military presence to counter Chinese aggression and encroachment within the South China Sea. [...]the authors point out the current dearth of expertise, talent, and diplomatic finesse that exists within the United States Department of State. In November 2020, the four members participated in a joint naval exercise meant to improve sea readiness for their fleets.6 This exercise was followed by a virtual meeting the following March and the establishment of working groups to tackle challenges such as supply-chain resilience and COVID-19 vaccine production and distribution.7 If these working groups are the extent of the Quad's influence, then the United States needs to seek other alliances to combat China's aggressive economic and military tactics. Coupling public and private sector goals While this type of partnership with private firms is promising, the authors admit to the widening gap between the national security interests of the public sector and the industrial mission of private corporations, which seems to weaken their argument.
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Biomarker detection has attracted increasing interest in recent years due to the minimally or non-invasive sampling process. Single entity analysis of biomarkers is expected to provide real-time and accurate biological information for early disease diagnosis and prognosis, which is critical to the effective disease treatment and is also important in personalized medicine. As an innovative single entity analysis method, nanopore sensing is a pioneering single-molecule detection technique that is widely used in analytical bioanalytical fields. In this review, we overview the recent progress of nanopore biomarker detection as new approaches to disease diagnosis. In highlighted studies, nanopore was focusing on detecting biomarkers of different categories of communicable and noncommunicable diseases, such as pandemic COVID-19, AIDS, cancers, neurologic diseases, etc. Various sensitive and selective nanopore detecting strategies for different types of biomarkers are summarized. In addition, the challenges, opportunities, and direction for future development of nanopore-based biomarker sensors are also discussed.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
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Background and Importance Antimicrobial prescribing prevalence in COVID-19 patients is estimated to be around 75%, whereas bacterial coinfection prevalence is estimated to be less than 10%. This data shows the unnecessary use of antibiotics. Aim and Objectives To compare the evolution of antimicrobial consumption in COVID-19 patients between the beginning of the pandemic and the third COVID-19 wave in our hospital. Material and Methods Observational retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital during March to June 2020 and May to August 2021 in COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit (CICU) and COVID-19 medical ward (CMW) patients. We extracted antimicrobial consumption data from the Pharmacy database (Silicon) and bed-days data from Admission Service. We standardised antimicrobial consumption to defined daily doses (DDD)/100 bed-days. The descriptive analysis was performed with SPSS. We conducted a normality, an independence and a correlation test. Results An 8% decrease in global antimicrobial use was observed. However, we found a 30% decrease in CMW, and a 39% increase in CICU. The antibiotic use in the two periods showed a significance correlation (p<0,001). Conclusion and Relevance * There is a light decrease of antimicrobial prescriptions in all COVID-19 patients. * There is an important decrease in antimicrobial use in CMW and a considerable increase in CICU. * These results suggest the need for more antimicrobial stewardship programmes in CICU. (Table Presented).
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Detrimental environmental repercussions have recently given rise to an interest in green investments. Although solar energy stocks are appealing assets for ethical investors, little is known about their dynamic correlations and linkages with metal (silicon, lithium, and rare earth) markets, particularly during economic events which is essential for hedging effectiveness and asset allocation. This study investigates the nexus between metal markets, oil price volatility (OVX), market sentiments (VIX), and solar energy markets using DCC, ADCC models, and the quantile regression approach. The results show both symmetric and asymmetric shock spillover between metals markets, VIX, OVX, and solar energy markets which are more prominent during COVID-19 pandemic, US-China trade frictions, and Russian invasion of Ukraine. For portfolio management, the hedging effectiveness of lithium stocks is highest, followed by silicon and rare earth metals. However, the hedge ratios are time-varying, and the variability is highest during US-China trade frictions. The quantile regression estimates reveal that lithium market is the most persistent determinant of solar energy stocks followed by silicon market even after segregating the periods into Paris Agreement and COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, lithium and silicon are driving markets of solar energy markets and can be a cause of omitted variable bias if stay unobserved. Nonetheless, there is little influence of VIX, rare earth metals, and OVX on solar energy stocks. Lastly, the estimations of threshold regression suggest that market sentiments change the association between metal markets and solar energy markets after the VIX reaches a certain threshold level. © 2023
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In recent research, 3D printing has become a powerful technique and has been applied in the last few years to carbon-based materials. A new generation of 3D-printed electrodes, more affordable and easier to obtain due to rapid prototyping techniques, has emerged. We propose a customizable fabrication process for flexible (and rigid) carbon-based biosensors, from biosensor design to printable conductive inks. The electrochemical biosensors were obtained on a 50 µm Kapton® (polyimide) substrate and transferred to a 500 µm PDMS substrate, using a 3D-extrusion-based printing method. The main features of our fabrication process consist of short-time customization implementation, fast small-to-medium batch production, ease of electrochemical spectroscopy measurements, and very good resolution for an extrusion-based printing method (100 µm). The sensors were designed for future integration into a smart wound dressing for wound monitoring and other biomedical applications. We increased their sensibility with electro-deposited gold nanoparticles. To assess the biosensors' functionality, we performed surface functionalization with specific anti-N-protein antibodies for SARS-CoV 2 virus, with promising preliminary results.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerging human infectious disease that continues to develop new variants. A crucial step in the quest to reduce the infection is the development of rapid and reliable virus detectors. Here, we report a chip scale photonic sensing device consisting of a silicon-nitride double microring resonator (MRR) for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. The sensor is implemented by surface activation of one of the MRRs, acting as a probe, with DNA primers for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, whereas the other MRR is used as a reference. The performance of the sensor is determined by applying different amounts of SARS-CoV-2 complementary RNA. As will be shown in the paper, our device detects the RNA fragments at concentrations of 10 cp/μL and with sensitivity of 750 nm/RIU. As such, it shows a promise toward the implementation of label-free, small form factor, CMOS compatible biosensor for SARS-CoV-2, which is also environment, temperature, and pressure independent. Our approach can also be used for detecting other SARS-CoV-2 genes, as well as other viruses and pathogens. © 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston 2023.
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Background: In order to propose a destination for the bottom ash generated from biomass burning, its morphology, functional groups and mineral phases were studied. Dipyrone has been extensively used as an antipyretic, increased due to cases of COVID-19, and due to excretion by urine, incorrect disposal and industrial effluents has been destined to wastewater, being harmful to human and animal life. The present study proposes using biomass ash for the adsorption of dipyrone. Result(s): The characterization of biomass ash shows a sufficient surface area size for adsorption, and a mainly amorphous structure with some peaks of quartz, calcite and other mineral phases. The results show that the kinetic model which best describes the adsorption is the pseudo-first-order model. The Langmuir model best fits at 25 degreeC, and the Freundlich model best describes the adsorption at 35 and 45 degreeC. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the process is endothermic with a maximum adsorptive capacity of 65.27 mg g-1. In addition, the adsorption is spontaneous, disordered and chemical. The ionic strength study reveals that the adsorbent is promising for real effluent treatment and there is evidence that electrostatic interaction is not the primary adsorptive mechanism, agreeing with the result obtained from pH testing. The proposed mechanism for dipyrone removal involves hydrogen bonds, pi bonds and electron donor-acceptor complex. Conclusion(s): The results are promising in comparison with recent literature and solve two environmental problems: biomass bottom ash disposal and pharmaceutical removal in aqueous medium. The ash may be regarded as a low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
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In this work, computational chemistry methods were used to study a silicon nanotube (Si192H16) as possible virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2. This virus is responsible for the COVID-19 disease. DFT calculations showed that the structural parameters of the Si192H16 nanotube are in agreement with the theoretical/experimental parameters reported in the literature. The low energy gap value (0.29 eV) shows that this nanotube is a semiconductor and exhibits high reactivity. For nanomaterials to be used as virucides, they need to have high reactivity and high inhibition constant values. Therefore, the adsorption of 3O2 and H2O on the surface of Si192H16 (Si192H16@O2-H2O) was performed. In this process, the formation and activation energies were -51.63 and 16.62 kcal/mol, respectively. Molecular docking calculations showed that the Si192H16 and Si192H16@O2H-OH nanotubes bind favorably on the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with binding energy of -11.83 (Ki = 2.13 nM) and -11.13 (Ki = 6.99 nM) kcal/mol, respectively. Overall, the results obtained herein indicate that the Si192H16 nanotube is a potential candidate to be used against COVID-19 from reactivity process and/or steric impediment in the S-protein.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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The ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 has become a global health emergency. The SARS-CoV-2 NSP13 helicase plays an important role in SARS-Co V-2 replication and could serve as a target for antivirals to develop potential COVID-19 treatment. The objective of the study is to used Homology modeling and docking analysis of SARS-CoV-2 NSP13 helicase as drug target. The results of this study establish N-[3-( carbamoylamino) phenyl] acetamide as a valuable lead molecule with great potential for SARS-CoV-2 NSP13 helicase inhibitor. The structure and function of SARS-CoV- 2 NSP13 helicase predicted by in silica modeling studies. The SWISS-MODEL Structure Assessment tool was used for homology modeling and visual analysis of the crystal structure of the protein. The validation for structure models was performed using PROCHECK. Model quality estimates based on the QMEAN and ProSA. The MCULE-1-Click docking and InterEvDock-2.0 server were used for proteinlig and docking.The SARS-CoV-2 NSP13 helicase model corresponds to probability confirmation with 90.9% residue of the core section that specifies the accuracy of the predicted model. ProS A Z-score of -9.17;indicates the good quality of the model. Inhibitor N-[3-(carbamoylamino) phenyl] acetamide exhibited effective binding affinity against the NSP13 helicase. The docking results revealed the Lys-146, Leu-147, Ile-151, Tyr-185, Lys-195, Tyr-224, Val-226, Leu- 227, Ser-229 residues exhibit good binding interactions with inhibitor ligand.
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In today's international society, a vast amount of information that no one could have imagined a while ago is circulating in the world. This trend is expected to be further accelerated in the "new normal” life with COVID-19, where online social activities have become commonplace. Although organic polymers are also used for short-distance in-equipment information-transmission optical fibers, only amorphous silica (SiO 2 ) is used for long distances. In other words, what supports the information society is the insulating material familiar to readers of this IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine.
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The recent research focused on the green synthesis of silicon dioxide nanoparticles, SiO2@Cellulose of Zizyphus Spina-Christi nanocomposites, and L-Arginine@SiO2@Cellulose of Zizyphus Spina-Christi nanocomposites using cellulose of Zizyphus Spina-Christi as a new green polymeric surfactant. The structures of nanoparticles and nanocomposites were characterized by different spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. Nanoparticles and nanocomposites were utilized to determine the concentration of chromium, cadmium, and lead in COVID-19 patients using double-vortex-ultrasonic assisted surfactant enhanced dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. Mean recoveries of chromium, cadmium, and lead were obtained in the range of 86-98% with relative standard deviations below 4%. The advantages of the proposed method are green and novel polymer surfactant with low detection limit. Finally, antibacterial activities were investigated. The maximum inhibition zone of L-Arginine@SiO2@Cellulose of Zizyphus Spina-Christi nanocomposites was obtained for Staphylococcus Aureus (21.9±0.4 mm). L-Arginine@SiO2@Cellulose of Zizyphus Spina-Christi nanocomposites have low cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cancer cells. These results indicated the potential ability of L-Arginine@SiO2@Cellulose of Zizyphus Spina-Christi nanocomposites in the determination of metal concentrations in biological samples along with good antibacterial properties and cytotoxic properties. © 2023 Chemical Society of Ethiopia and The Authors.
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The recent research focused on the green synthesis of silicon dioxide nanoparticles, SiO2@Cellulose of Zizyphus Spina-Christi nanocomposites, and L-Arginine@SiO2@Cellulose of Zizyphus Spina-Christi nanocomposites using cellulose of Zizyphus Spina-Christi as a new green polymeric surfactant. The structures of nanoparticles and nanocomposites were characterized by different spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. Nanoparticles and nanocomposites were utilized to determine the concentration of chromium, cadmium, and lead in COVID-19 patients using double-vortex-ultrasonic assisted surfactant enhanced dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. Mean recoveries of chromium, cadmium, and lead were obtained in the range of 86-98% with relative standard deviations below 4%. The advantages of the proposed method are green and novel polymer surfactant with low detection limit. Finally, antibacterial activities were investigated. The maximum inhibition zone of L-Arginine@SiO2@Cellulose of Zizyphus Spina-Christi nanocomposites was obtained for StaphylococcusAureus (21.9..0.4 mm). L-Arginine@SiO2@Cellulose of Zizyphus Spina-Christi nanocomposites have low cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cancer cells. These results indicated the potential ability of L-Arginine@SiO2@Cellulose of Zizyphus Spina-Christi nanocomposites in the determination of metal concentrations in biological samples along with good antibacterial properties and cytotoxic properties.
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Silicon nanowires are next-generation high performance biosensor materials compatible with multiple types of biomolecules. Bioelectronic sensors, which output electrical signals for biological detection, have unique advantages in miniaturization, fast response, and portability. Despite that these nanomaterials have demonstrated high performance, complex fabrication methods that are not compatible with industrial production are usually implemented. This work deals with the development, fabrication, and testing of a rapid and cost-effective silicon nanowire biosensor that is less than one inch in width and suited for industrial mass production. The silicon nanowires are fabricated using a silver-assisted chemical etching which can be mass-producible and CMOS-compatible, tunable etch rate, and high consistency. The nanowire sensor is then fabricated using a series of nanofabrication instruments that are commonly used for semiconductor processing. The fabrication process is developed and modified to be suited for biosensing applications, and the scanning electron microscopy demonstrates that the fabricated sensor has etched vertical silicon nanowire arrays of around 350 nm in length and 1010 per 1 cm2 in density.The fabricated vertically-oriented silicon nanowire array-based sensor consists of a p-n diode. Since the diode type nanowire biosensors have not been thoroughly implemented and studied, in this work, in order to simulate and validate the operation mechanisms of the proposed biosensor, an operation protocol is proposed to characterize the sensor by measuring its current as a function of the applied voltage and calculating the derivative the current-voltage function. Then the mathematical and physical models of the device are studied, and a water-gate experiment is conducted to justify the models. In the case when the unexpected disturbance occurs, the model also provides with a method to eliminate the noise in the effective resistance of the sensor.The fabricated biosensors are then functionalized for the testing of three types of analytes including two cancer cell antibodies and the spike protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The results show that the developed sensors have high sensitivity and specificity against bovine serum albumin. Although still with a preliminary design, the proposed sensor has already been demonstrated to be able to detect clinically relevant concentrations of the target for the diagnosis of the disease. This technology offers the potential to complement conventional biosensor systems in applications of portable and rapid responding biosensing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
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Faced with COVID-19 and the trend of aging, it is demanding to develop an online health metrics sensing solution for sustainable healthcare. An edge radio platform owning the function of integrated sensing and communications is promising to address the challenge. Radar demonstrates the capability for noncontact healthcare with high sensitivity and excellent privacy protection. Beyond conventional radar, this article presents a unique silicon-based radio platform for health status monitoring supported by coherent frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar at Ku-band and communication chip. The radar chip is fabricated by a 65-nm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) process and demonstrates a 1.5-GHz chirp bandwidth with a 15-GHz center frequency in 220-mW power consumption. A specific small-volume antenna with modified Vivaldi architecture is utilized for emitting and receiving radar beams. Biomedical experiments were implemented based on the radio platform cooperating with the antenna and system-on-chip (SoC) field-programmable gate array (FPGA) edge unit. An industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM)-band frequency-shift keying (FSK) communication chip in 915-MHz center frequency with microwatt-level power consumption is used to attain communications on radar-detected health information. Through unified integration of radar chip, management software, and communication unit, the integrated radio platform featuring −72-dBm sensitivity with a 500-kb/s FSK data rate is exploited to drastically empower sustainable healthcare applications.
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Recently, the silicon wafer producers, affected by Covid-19 and USA-China competition, looks for new production processes to increase the production. On the other hand, the common parts of CZ puller such as heater, crucible and thermal shield are optimized over time and now the common CZ process is reached to limitation for further improvement. Here, we propose a modified CZ method by adding a cooling tube into the growth zone. The new proposed Cz method is applied to the 8″ crystal growth process. A fully 3D transition model including energy equation, Navier–Stokes equation, surface-to-surface radiation heat transfer, moving mesh and thermal stress equations is implemented. The simulation is performed for both original and new CZ method. It was proved that the new CZ method increases the pulling speed up to 25 %. To ensure about the crystal quality, the thermal stress is compared between original and new proposed CZ method. Although it was found that the thermal stress increases about twice but still the maximum von Mises stress never exceeds the critical value 25 MPa. Additionally, the power consumption is also found to enhance maximum 2 kW under new conditions. To evaluate the model the interface and heater power for the original CZ puller is compared with industrial CZ process and it shows acceptable accuracy. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
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The three books featured in this Global Perspectives review symposium – Stein Ringen's How Democracies Live;Francis Fukuyama's Liberalism and its Discontents;and Craig Calhoun, Dilip Gaonkar and Charles Taylor's Degenerations of Democracy – each raise important and urgent concerns about the fate of liberal democracy, especially in the United States. This essay argues that policymakers must focus on the interplay between democracy and technology to stimulate democratic renewal in the 21st century. Technology must be democratized through new regulatory and policy approaches to deliver the benefits of broadband internet access as widely as possible. And democracy must be technologized by leveraging new frontiers in artificial intelligence, blockchain and other advanced technologies to improve democratic accountability, public goods provision and state capacity.